Ketones
Ketones are named as “alkanone”.They are organic compounds with structures containing a carbonyl group (a carbon oxygen double bond, C=O). C=O group is not at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to 2 carbons. Ketones are considered simplebecause they don't have reactive groups like -OH or -Cl attached directly to the carbon atom in the carbonyl group, as in carboxylic acids containing -COOH. The word ketone derived its name from Aketon, an old German word for acetone. Many ketones are known and many are of great importance in industry and in biology.
Naming starts on the left:
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Acetone (a common solvent)
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Oxaloacetate (connected to the metabolism of sugars)
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Acetylacetonechelating agents, ligands, and catalyst precursors.
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Cyclohexanone (comes before or influences the development of Nylon, a synthetic polymer)
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Muscone (an animal scent)
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Tetracycline (an antibiotic)
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According to the rules of IUPAC nomenclature (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry), ketones are named by changing the suffix -ane of the parent alkane to -anone. The position of the carbonyl group is usually denoted by a number. For the most important ketones, however, traditional nonsystematic names are still generally used, for example acetone. These nonsystematic names are considered retained IUPAC names, though some introductory chemistrytextbooks use systematic names such as "2-propanone" or "propan-2-one" for the simplest ketone (CH3-CO-CH3) instead of "acetone".
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Although used infrequently, oxo is the IUPAC nomenclature for a ketone functional group. Other prefixes, however, are also used. Keto or oxo refer to the ketone functional group. The term oxo is used widely through chemistry. For example, it also refers to an oxygen atom bonded to a transition metal (a metal oxo).The substituent name for the O= group is oxo.
Sources:
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/carbonyls/background.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6987402
https://chemistry.boisestate.edu/richardbanks/organic/nomenclature/ketonenomenclature1.html
Discussed Lesson
written by: Mariquita Villorante
